Kuki Inoti N’ibiceri Bigiye Kunganirwa N’ifaranga Rya CBDC?

Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda(BNR) ivuga ko Ifaranga koranabuhanga ryitwa ‘Central Bank Digital Currency(CBDC)’ niritangira gukoreshwa rizagabanya ikiguzi cyo kwishyurana no guherekanya amafaranga hagati y’abantu.

Iri faranga kandi ryitezweho kugabanyiriza Leta ikiguzi itanga cyo gucapisha inoti n’ibiceri kibarirwa hagati ya miliyari 8 na 11 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda buri mwaka.

Mu kiganiro Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda Soraya Hakuziyaremye aherutse kugirana n’Umunyamakuru wa TV10, yavuze ko inyigo ya nyuma kuri CBDC izarangirana n’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga k’umwaka utaha wa 2027, raporo igahita ishyikirizwa Inama y’Abaminisitiri.

Mme Hakuziyaremye agira ati “Mu bintu bine byerekanywe (bizakemurwa n’iryo faranga) icya mbere ni uko ikiguzi cyo kwishyurana gishobora kuba kiri hasi kuko iyo nishyura ibihumbi 8Frw cyangwa ibihumbi 9Frw nkoresheje Mobile Money, bankata amafaranga 100Frw.”

Ati “Muri CBDC byagaragaye ko icyo kiguzi gishobora kugabanukaho 30%, ibi byakemura ikibazo cy’abavuga ngo ‘BNR mwabwiye ibi bigo bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo guhererekanya amafaranga, nkajya nyahererekanya ariko sindenzeho 250Frw cyangwa 1,500Frw!”

Ikindi Soraya Hakuziyaremye avuga ko kizakemurwa na CBDC ni uko ibigo bitanga serivisi z’imari(byitwa FinTech) ngo bizajya byihutisha gutanga inguzanyo, aho iyatangwaga mu byumweru bibiri ngo izajya itangwa bitarenze amasaha 24.

Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda akomeza avuga ko ikindi CBDC izakemura ari ikijyanye no kwihutisha kohererezanya amafaranga hagati y’ibihugu, aho igihe umuntu ayatangiye ari cyo uyakira ayabonera aho yaba ari hose ku isi.

Soraya avuga ko kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bigabanyiriza Leta ikiguzi cyo gucapisha inoti n’ibiceri, aho kugeza ubu icyo kiguzi kigabanukaho 25%, akaba ari ikigero gihwanye na 1/4 cy’ingengo y’imari ibarirwa hagati ya miliyoni 6-8 z’Amadolari ya Amerika akoreshwa mu gucapa amafaranga y’u Rwanda buri mwaka. Aya ahwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda abarirwa hagati ya miliyari 8Frw na 11Frw.

Hakuziyaremye avuga ko igerageza rya CBDC ryahereye ku bakozi bake b’amabanki na bamwe mu bacuruzi, hakaba harakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura no guhererekanya amafaranga, burimo akamashini ka POS, murandasi ndetse na code, icyo bita gukanda akanyenyeri*(USSD) muri telefone, ubwo buryo bwose ngo bukaba bugaragaza ko bukora neza.

Avuga ko nyuma y’iryo gerageza rito hagiye gutangira igerageza rinini ku ba baturage 1000 mu gihe cy’umwaka wose(amezi 12) guhera mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga k’uyu mwaka kugera muri Kamena 2027.

Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda avuga ko ibiceri n’inoti bitazavaho burundu n’ubwo bizagenda bigabanuka bitewe n’uko abantu babona borohewe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.

Ashima imikorere ya ekash yafashije abantu bafite simu kadi (simcard) z’ibigo bitandukanye guhererekanya amafaranga ku kiguzi cya 20Frw hatitawe ku ngano y’ayo umuntu yohereje.

Ese ubundi iri faranga koranabuhanga rya CBDC ni iki?

Bitewe n’uko abantu bazaba bamaze gutunga indangamuntu koranabuhanga, iyi izabafasha gufungura konti z’ikoranabuhanga muri telefone zabo, ari ho bazajya babika iryo faranga nk’uko n’ubundi basanzwe babitsa amafaranga kuri Mobile Money.

Mme Hakuziyaremye akomeza avuga ko iryo faranga bitazakunda kuribikuza nk’uko babikuza inoti n’ibiceri ku mu ‘agent’ wa Mobile Money, ariko na none urifite akazajya yishyura cyangwa arihererekanya n’abandi nk’uko Mobile Money na applications za banki muri telefone na mudasobwa zibikora.

Avuga ko ibijyanye na Mobile Money/Airtel Money ari ikoranabuhanga ibigo byikorera byishyiriyeho binyujijwe mu mirongo yabyo ya telefone, ariko ko CBDC ari irindi koranabuhanga ryisumbuyeho ryashyizweho na Banki Nkuru z’ibihugu kugira ngo rifashe abatuye isi guhererekanya amafaranga.

Mme Hakuziyaremye avuga ko iri faranga koranabuhanga rizaba rigaragara muri telefone cyangwa muri mudasobwa ko ryemewe na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, rikazaba ryunganira ibiceri n’inoti.

Aha ni ho ahera atandukanya CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) na Crypto Currency, avuga ko Crypto Currency (izwi cyane akaba ari Bitcoin) na yo ari ifaranga koranabuhanga ryashyizweho n’abikorera babyemeranyijweho ko baryita ifaranga, ndetse banashaka bakarivunja mu yandi mafaranga afatika.

Akavuga ko mu Rwanda, bitewe n’uko abantu bashoboraga kwambura abandi bakoresheje iryo faranga koranabuhanga, kandi nta tegeko ribigenga ryari rihari, byabaye ngombwa ko Leta ishyiraho itegeko ryemera ikoreshwa ry’iryo faranga ariko ritanga imirongo ngenderwaho ikomeye.

Guverineri wa BNR avuga ko ibyago biri mu gukoresha iryo faranga koranabuhanga ry’abantu ku giti cyabo ari uko ritazwi uwarishyizeho, ku buryo ngo aramutse arihagaritse abarifite bose bahita bihombera, akaba ari yo mpamvu banki z’ibihugu ku isi zirimo gushyiraho CBDC, yo ishobora kugira ikibazo abantu bakagira aho babariza.